Trans Diversity and Labels
A number of people will find this title
upsetting because I am grouping people who see themselves as different. But I am grouping them based on shared discrimination. And it is only by putting
them together that can I see how they are different and what labelling is
appropriate. The following box throws together some labels that are commonly confused.
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Invert, Queer, Pansy, Sissy-boy, Transsexual, Gender Identity
Disorder, Psychotic, Transgender, Transvestite, Transgenderist, Drag Queen,
Woman, Transgressor, t*, Trans People, Genetic Girl vs Transgirl, Gay,
Cross-dresser, Fetishist, Freak, Self-Mutilator, Chicks with Dicks,
Transsexual and Hung, Polysurgery Addict, Transgressivly Gendered,
Male Femaler, Naturally Gendered, Un-gendered, Assexual,
Polymorphic
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In this discussion I
am going to look at some different ways or doing or not doing gender
by looking at some generalised biographies. I look at a number of
social and personal factors that might impact on some of the
alternative paths that are possible. I'm not claiming this list is
exhaustive nor am I suggesting that I can define all the above labels
in terms of a few parameters.
Some people claim
that these are life-style choices whilst others suggest they are
genetic. I feel that they are a combination of how an inbuilt
personality reacts to their individual circumstances. Don't expect any
deep answers. But I am hoping that the discussion will give an
impression of the issues, show you that we are very much individuals
and need to be treated as such and leave you with lots of
questions.
Generalised Biographies
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downside
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upside
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Childhood
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Infancy:
do not know what gender is.
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Expectations
of parents restrict you.
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Not
restricting self yet.
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Realisation
that you are different.
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Show
difference: bullied Hide
difference: self-loathing
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Realism
motivate you to build strategies.
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Keeping
Secrets. (The stronger the sex roles in a society the more likely
to have t* people.)
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Scared
to be open with people. Can be stressful, unfullfilling. Prefer
dreaming to living.
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Safe
from criticism.
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May
deny sissyness to others and to self.
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Don’t
have fun being sissy.
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May
keep you safe.
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downside
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upside
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Onset
of Puberty
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Usually
very traumatic. Feel your own body is traitorous by telling
everyone you are male. Look for coping strategies.
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Angry,
depressed, self-abuse. Usually start to do badly at school.
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Hope
that adulthood may lead to independence from family and
restrictions.
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downside
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upside
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Denial
Strategies
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Pretend
you are masculine but dream of being female.
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Stressful,
sprit suppressed, always acting.
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Pretending
to be normal can make one feel safe.
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Deceive
Self.
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Takes
you in unhappy direction. In adulthood may take you into macho
jobs: military, shearers etc.
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Self
deception may protect you from extreme pain until you are ready
to face it.
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Hyper-denial,
re-enforcing masculine roles.
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Very
stressful dangerous living.
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Some
people believe the act and don’t criticise you.
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Some
may deny they are erotically attracted to men until they change
later.
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Internalised
homophobia may reduce sexuality.
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Remain
heterosexual as both a man and woman.
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downside
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upside
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Transgression
Strategies
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Transgression
of a broad range of gender rules. eg. Drag Queens, or boys
wearing nail polish.
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Are
discriminated and vilified by straight, gay,
lesbian. Are very low in the hierarchy of
passing. Transgression takes a lot o energy and
can often lead to getting nothing else done
except transgressing. Usually unemployed.
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Often
leads to joy in feeling free to be oneself by embracing one’s
own sprit.
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Living
in between genders. Acceptable in ghetto’s eg. clubs or in
sex work.
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Constant
ridicule and danger outside of ghetto. Significant substance
abuse.
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Don’t
starve.
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downside
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upside
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Beyond
Transgression – wanting to be inappropriately
normal
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Passing.
Wanting to be normal. Belief that no one will discriminate
against you if pass and are secretive.
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Some
feel that if they only passed they would find everlasting
happiness. Some can become obsessed with the beauty myth others
are happy to look like an ordinary woman.
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Passing
means you aren’t discriminated against, aren’t
vilified.
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Pressure to conform to new
gender role.
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A
different set of restrictions. eg skinny and attractive. “The
other person’s gender is always greener.”
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Invisibility
=? safety.
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Embracing feminine stereotypes. May study fashion, deportment and
feminine speach patterns.
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Re-enforcing
feminine stereotypes making it harder for other women and
restricts own options. Pass less because trying too hard.
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In
some social groups being feminine can make you more acceptable.
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“You’ve
really made it Julie. He’s not discriminating against you
because you’re transsexual but because you’re a
woman.”
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Invisibility
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The invisible don’t have
a voice.
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There
can be safety in invisibility.
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“I’m
not transsexual I’m a woman.”
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May
not get correct medical treatment. Angry when people don’t
agree with them.
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Don't’
have to feel bad about self for being unusual.
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downside
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upside
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Medicalisation |
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Some
want to be suffering from a disease.
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Medical
treatment and diagnosis may limit some peoples’ options.
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Imagine
people will be nice to them if they have a recognised disease.
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Cosmetic Surgery to improve self-esteem and passing.
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Surgery may not improve esteem. You can never be beautiful enough to
be perfect. Painful, dangerous, no
going back.
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May help with passing and give enough confidence to function
socially.
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Hormone treatment to help with passing.
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A number of medical side effects including permanent sterility.
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May help with passing and give enough confidence to function
socially.
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Cosmetic surgery of
genitalia. Castration Envy?
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Painful, dangerous, no going back. Can
restrict some people who feel they have been
mutilated and queer in a different way. Some
expect to completely accepted as women by everyone after the operation. But
this rarely happens.
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For
those, who have been adequate counselled and
go ahead, the operation liberates them from social restrictions. Can give a
feeling of oneness and comfort in own body.
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downside
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upside
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Politicalisation
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Tranny
Power
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In
some ways an awkward first step. It says it is OK to be a
tranny but that implies that most people don’t believe
that. Being publicly out or famous is very draining.
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These
people raise the issues with the public.
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Behind
the scenes letter writing etc.
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Not
seen as a lobby group. Not many votes behind you.
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Many
politicians and bureaucrat are comfortable with this approach.
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Breaking down gender Stereotypes by
obvious transgression.
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It is
hard work and demands a lot of energy to take on the whole of
society. A bottomless pit draining your energy.
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Living
true to yourself shows others that the gender boundaries are not
impregnable.
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downside
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upside
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A
Social Role?
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Many
cultures including the American Indians have special roles for
us.
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Limited
by these roles. eg in many Latin countries are limited to sex
work.
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The
role may suit you perfectly and give you a sense of purpose. eg
Court Jester. The theatre of gender satire.
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downside
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upside
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Transcending
Gender
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Transcending Gender: very
rarely happens. Doesn’t depend on operation.
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Not
approved of in a highly gendered society.
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Gender is a binary arbitrary class
structure that prevents both classes from
reaching their full potential. Transcending
gender removes these restrictions.
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Breaking down stereotypes by
transcending gender.
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Social pressure to conform.
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Living as you feel comfortable in
dress, work, self-expression.
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Personal growth by meeting challenges.
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“Not another ****ing growth opportunity.”
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Seen the world from "both" sides. A
journey that continues.
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The existence of trans people shows
gender is a social construct.
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Some people feel "lost" without gender.
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Most people would be freed to find their own level.
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downside
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upside
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Beyond Trans Anything
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The whole aim of this journey is to gain enough self-esteem to
function well socially and the trans label becomes meaningless.
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The
possible loss of a political voice and mentor.
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If
you’ve truly transcended the limitations of gender then
why not get on with it and stop living the stereotype of being
“trans-something”
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Find
a balance between living a life not limited by gender and trying
to help others.
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Having thought of one yet.
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Achieve what you can socially and still have
a life.
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The
Radical Feminist Position
“Beyond
the quest for the body and sex role and identity of the opposite sex
is the quest for deeper selfhood ... the quest for transcendence.”
Janice Raymond
“The
role of the medical-psychiatric establishment in reinforcing sex-role
stereotypes is significant ” Janice Raymond
The Personal
A look at my story, i dream
therefore i am to illustrate how a
life can easily take many paths.
Summing
Up
There
isn’t a transsexual community.
Martine
Rothblatt, “There are as many genders as there are people”
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Some Variables affecting Gender expression:
belief in gender,
social attitudes to gender, conformity
social consequences of transgression
personality, fear, wish to appear normal or stand out
erotic imprinting and sexuality (eg hetero, asexual, lesbian)
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But these variables affecting gender expression
affect everyone. So is there any value in the label "transgendered" or any of the
others in the list at the start of this article. Labels limit people but
without labels we have no language. People will continue to label us. I am happy to use a label if the person
identifies with that label. But there is no trans-anything community.
Martine Rothblatt suggests there are as many genders as there are
people. Janice Raymond says there are two genders. People are as they are because of a combination of their
genotype and the environment, their biology and history.
Like Martine Rothblatt I believe that a society that truly believes in
equality of the sexes should not list gender as that persons prime attribute on
their birth certificates, passports etc. And the identification arguement is a
furfy because finger printing is far more effective at that.
Now that I think about it I do not identify with
any of the labels I've mentioned. I identify as Julie, the Julie with my
ancestors and history. I know I live in a gendered society and I need to
acknowledge and find a way with dealing with that in a way that is as true as
possible to my spirit and doesn't get me into a lot of trouble in the society I
live in. This means I end up with a context dependent identity.
Some Bibliography
Harry Benjamin (1966) THE TRANSSEXUAL PHENOMENON. The Julian Press
Walter Bocking and Eli Coleman (1992), GENDER DYSPHORIA, A
comprehensive approach to the Treatment of Gender Dysphoria, Haworth Press
Kate Bornstein (1994), GENDER OUTLAW, Routledge.
Gabrielle Carey (1995) THE SUM OF US: Good Weekend, March 25, 1995
Kat Costigan (1994) LESBIANS ON THE LOOSE (NSW): August 94:
Roberta Cowell (1954), ROBERTA COWELL'S STORY, William Heineman.
Henry Finlay and William Walters (1988). SEX CHANGE - Medical and Legal
Aspects of Sex Reassignment. (with forward by Justice Michael Kirby) Finlay and
Walters.
Sheila Jeffreys (1990), ANTICLIMAX - a feminist perspective on the sexual
revolution, The Women's Press
Jane Langley (1993) Submission to REVIEW OF THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
ACT 1984, Parliament of Victoria
Jane Langley (1994a), TRANNY POWER: Melbourne Star Observer, February
1994.
Jane Langley (1994b) and Julie Peters, THE TRANSGENDERED IN THE
QUEER COMMUNITY, Melb Inter-University Gay and Lesbian Studies Seminar
Series.
Jan Morris (1974), CONUNDRUM, Penguin
Roberta Perkins et al (1994) TRANSGENDER LIFESTYLES AND HIV/AIDS
RISK, School of Sociology. University of New South Wales.
Janice G. Raymond (1979), THE TRANSSEXUAL EMPIRE, The Women's Press.
Martine Rothblatt (1995), THE APARTHEID OF SEX, Crown.
Ed. W. Roscoe, LIVING THE SPIRIT, A Gay American Indian Anthology 1988: St
Martins' Press
Ross, M.W.; Wallinder, J.; Lundstroms, B. and Thuwe, I:
CROSS-CULTURAL
APPROACHES TO TRANSSEXUALISM: A comparison between Sweden and
Australia.
(Acta psychiat. scand. (1981) 63, 75-82)
ED WOOD (1994), biographical screenplay by Scott Alexander, Touchstone
Pictures.
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For more of my ideas on this topic see my website.
http://home.mira.net/~janie/
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