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7 SNAKE BITES
Keep the casualty calm and resting.
Apply a firm bandage around the limb, beginning at the bitten area. Bandage to the toes or
fingers, then as for up the leg or arm as possible.
Apply a splint, using a piece of timber or any rigid object.
Leave bandages and splint on limb until medical care is reached.
Seek medical aid.
Don't CUT or WASH the bitten area as the snake may be identified from remaining venom.
8 ELECTRIC SHOCK
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) is the best emergency first-aid treatment for victims
of electrical shock. It is a highly effective technique when applied by a well-trained
person and can, in many cases, provide adequate short-term life support until more
sophisticated treatment is available.
CPR involves clearing the air passages to the lungs and carrying out external heart
massage by the exertion of pressure on the chest.
CPR procedures should be performed only on unconscious individuals who are not breathing
and only by those who have training in CPR methods.
The first step in CPR is to open the airway by placing the individual on his back on a
rigid surface, clearing foreign matter from the mouth or airway, and tilting the head back
so that the chin is elevated.
The second step involves mouth-to-mouth resuscitation--clamping the victim's nostrils,
making an airtight seal over his mouth and breathing into it about 12 times per minute,
allowing for natural exhalation.
The third step is to check one of the carotid arteries (large blood vessels located on
either side of the voice box) for a pulse.
Absence of a pulse requires artificial circulation of the blood by means of external chest
compressions (at the rate of about 80 per minute for adults).
The recommended ratio of chest compressions to breaths administered is 15:2. CPR should
continue uninterrupted until normal breathing and circulation are restored or until
advanced professional medical assistance can be obtained.
The procedure is modified somewhat for infants and children and under special
circumstances (such as additional injury).
LEARN FIRST AID
This guide is not a substitute for attending a first aid course.
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