Before you switch from commercial detergents to home-made washing mixtures, it is important to rinse your machine and wash your clothing in washing soda. Otherwise, leftover traces of the commercial detergents may cause yellowing. Dissolve one cup of washing soda in 2 litres of water and put your machine through a clothes-free cycle using 2 cups of this mixture. Thereafter, use 2 cups per load.

Basic laundry liquid

2 litres of hot water ° 1 bar of pure soap (about 100 grams), grated or cut into small pieces or 100 grams of pure soap flakes ° ½ cup borax or ¼ cup washing soda

Dissolve the soap and the borax or the washing soda in the water and store in a bottle or jar. If using bar soap, place the water in an old saucepan, add the soap and heat over a low flame, stirring constantly until the soap is dissolved. Do not boil. Use approximately half a cup of this laundry liquid for each load. For heavily soiled loads add a tablespoon of ammonia to the wash. The ammonia also works as a fabric softener and conditioner. In hard-water areas, add an extra tablespoon of borax to the mixture.

To soften fabrics Add a tablespoon of white vinegar or a tablespoon of glycerin to the final rinse.

For woollens Mix one cup of soap flakes to a quarter of a bar of grated soap with one cup of hot water, as described above. Add one dessertspoon each of eucalyptus oil and methylated spirits to this mixture. Use sparingly -- about one tablespoon for a large jumper or several smaller items. Rinse lightly.

To brighten and remove general stains Soak clothing overnight in a bucket of water containing half a cup of cloudy ammonia. Always test for colour-fastness before soaking any clothing. If ammonia is too strong, soak clothing in a bucket of water with half a cup of white vinegar.

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