Herbal remedies are natural, easily available, inexpensive and have been documented through history. In many cases, they are every bit as effective as their proprietary counterparts.

How to make an
infusion


Infusions, the simplest form of herbal remedy, are like herbal teas and work best with leafy herbs with thin, sappy stalks. To make an infusion, pour boiling water over fresh or dried herbs in a container with a lid that can be tightly sealed so valuable elements cannot escape.
Use about 3 tablespoons of fresh herbs or 2 teaspoons of dried herbs to every 250 mls of boiling water. For a very strong infusion, leave the herbs to steep overnight. Otherwise, leave for a few hours, or for a weak infusion steep only until the water has cooled. Then strain the herbs through muslin and store the remaining infusion in the refrigerator for no more than five days.

The following basic recipes may help in staving off some everyday ailments.

Coughs and colds Garlic and onion have natural antibiotic qualities; combined with a regular intake of Vitamin C -- most fresh fruit and vegetables contain high levels of this vitamin -- they may help keep winter ailments at bay. Another traditional preventative is a daily diet of several cups of warm water containing one teaspoon each of fresh lemon juice, honey, finely chopped fresh ginger and dried cinnamon powder. Combine the ginger and cinnamon into small muslin tea bags for ease of use. Add a teaspoon of glycerin if you have a sore throat.

Sore throats and coughs Echinacea is a herb long regarded as a builder of resistance to infection and an aid to fast recovery if throat and lungs are inflamed. It is available from health food stores in liquid or in dried form. Follow dosage instructions from the herbalist, generally a half to one gram of dried root or its equivalent taken three times a day. To soothe a sore throat, gargle a strong infusion of rosemary, sage or thyme several times a day.

Blocked nose and sinus problems Add 3 drops of basil oil, 2 drops of lavender oil and 2 drops of eucalyptus oil to a bowl containing approximately 500 millilitres of just-boiled water. Place a towel over your head and the bowl and gently inhale the vapours. Do this for a maximum of ten minutes.

Stave off winter colds with a few preventative tips.

Don't suffer from headache
unnecessarily.

Headache, sleeplessness Many herbs are believed to ease headaches and general tension as well as relieve insomnia. Drink a cup of chamomile or peppermint tea, or make a weak infusion of lemon balm and rosemary and sip one cup every few hours.
Encourage the muscles of the head, jaw, neck and shoulders to relax by massaging them with a mixture of 1 tablespoon of almond or apricot kernel oil and 4 drops of lavender and peppermint oil.

For a soothing compress, add 4 drops of violet, lavender or rosemary oil to enough cider vinegar to moisten a soft cloth. Fold the cloth into a compress and apply to the forehead and the back of the neck. For chronic headache sufferers, make up a herbal vinegar to be kept at the ready in the refrigerator. Combine 2 cups of tepid cider vinegar with one and a half cups of fresh lavender flowers in a large jar. Seal and leave in a sunny place for two to three weeks, shaking every few days. Strain through muslin and store in the rerigerator.

A scented sachet may help relieve the effects of a headache. Combine 4 teaspoons each of dried lavender, rose petals, chamomile and lemon balm in a soft muslin bag. Add three or four cloves. Breathe the aroma of this pillow at the first signs of a headache. Refill the sachet when the scent has faded.

For a scented sleep pillow, double the amount of mixture recommended for the headache sachet, leave out the cloves, and add 8 tablespoons of dried hop flowers. Sprinkle the mixture with a few drops of glycerin to prevent the leaves crunching together and put the mixture inside a small, soft pillow made from any natural, open-weave fabric. Put the pillow under your usual pillow.

Soothing itches, rashes and burning sensations

Smooth almond or avocado oil into very dry, itchy skin. For rashes and non-specific irritations, apply a decoction made from linseed, fenugreek or chickweed. Slippery elm powder and water made into a smooth paste can soothe red, inflamed skin. Bicarbonate of soda or vinegar added to a bath can soothe inflamed or sunburnt skin, as can the application of natural acidophilus yoghurt.

MIX

There are no prizes for suffering alone: social interaction is a cheap and cheerful way to overcome the stresses arising from loneliness or insularity. Mix, without expectation, to become calm

CUT DOWN YOUR BREATHING

A deeply relaxed person breathes only 5-8 times a minute. By slowing your breathing down to that rate, you will quickly relax.

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